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CORPUS LINGUSITICS RESEARCH

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대형 언어 모델의 문화적 편향 측정 ×
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CORPUS LINGUSITICS RESEARCH Vol.9 No.1 pp.111-137
대형 언어 모델의 문화적 편향 측정
정가연
연세대학교 언어정보연구원 / 연구원
강채안
연세대학교 언어정보연구원 / 연구원
김민선
연세대학교 / 대학원생
노소현
연세대학교 / 대학원생
최혜지
연세대학교 / 대학원생
김한샘
연세대학교 / 교수
Key Words : Cultural Bias,Large Language Model,GPT-4,CLOVA X,Qwen1.5,Morphological Analysis

Abstract

This study analyzes cultural biases in major large language models from the United States, South Korea, and China (GPT-4, CLOVA X, and Qwen1.5) through story generation tasks using culture-specific names. Morphological analysis of the generated stories revealed that all models exhibited certain cultural biases. GPT-4 did not show negative biases toward Korean and Chinese cultures but tended to prefer traditional and rural settings when describing these cultures. In contrast, CLOVA X and Qwen1.5, which are specialized for their respective national languages, portrayed their own cultures in modern and positive terms while using a relatively higher proportion of negative adjectives and unrealistic settings when describing Western contexts. These findings are significant because they go beyond the conventional focus on biases in Western-centric models toward non-Western contexts. They newly reveal that East Asian-based models can also exhibit similar biases when representing Western cultures. This research suggests that current language model has fundamental limitations in achieving cultural neutrality and highlights the importance of balanced learning and reflection of diverse cultural contexts as a crucial challenge in language model development.
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